Medical instrument to place a pursestring suture, open a hole and pass a guidewire

ABSTRACT

A therapeutic instrument for the ergonomic, effective and safe opening and closing of targeted remote tissue sites; includes a pistol grip style handle with a hand activated lever for needle deployment and, optionally, with features to control tissue cutting and guide wire installation; also incorporates a specialized elongated rigid or flexible instrument shaft, which enables vacuum assisted holding of tissue at a uniquely contoured distal tip, where placement of a suture in a purse string configures occurs along with, if desired, tissue cutting and guide wire passage.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No.11/411,626, filed Apr. 26, 2006.

STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT

None.

NAMES OF THE PARTIES TO A JOINT RESEARCH AGREEMENT

None.

REFERENCE TO A “SEQUENCE LISTING”

None.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Field of the Invention

This invention relates generally to a medical device for placement of apurse string suture in tissue and more particularly to such a devicethat can also cut tissue and enable placement of a guide wire throughthe cut opening. More particularly, this invention relates to a methodand apparatus in which living tissue is positioned using vacuum within acontoured opening located near the end of the device, which alsoprovides for the simultaneous passage of two needles through multiplepoints in the held tissue. After traversing the tissue, the needlesengage and pick up both ends of a segment of suture and subsequentlypull the suture ends back through the targeted tissue to facilitate areliably customized suture placement. A slidable mechanism is providedto cut the held tissue and also, when desired, to enable the passage ofa guide wire through the cut opening. This invention is particularlyuseful for the creation of closable openings in tissue structures or forsafely harvesting deeper samples from the walls of tissue structures.

Description of Related Art

Despite all of the advances of modern medicine, many seemingly simplepatient interventions still present significant challenges regardingtheir safe and reliable implementation. For many patients, substantialtherapeutic advantage could be offered by a technology facilitatingrapid and reliable cutting open and closing of a remote tissue sites.

Efforts to improve a physician's ability to do more than just see theouter characteristics of a patient are essential to modern health care.For centuries, health care practitioners have used existing externalanatomic features for gaining limited access to a patient's internalstructures for diagnostic or therapeutic interventions. Without theright equipment, health care providers can only use their direct visionto view their patient's body surfaces, exposed orifices or anatomyexposed through open incisions or wounds. The use of radiographictechniques (e.g., X-ray, CT and MRI), endoscopic techniques (e.g.,colonoscopy, gastroscopy, cystoscopy, bronchoscopy) and open orlaparoscopic surgery, along with combinations of these modalities, nowroutinely provide clinically significant data and the opportunity fordirect therapeutic interventions.

An endoscopic technique for viewing internal patient body cavities wasfirst reported in 1805. Important advancements in less invasivetechniques (e.g., laparoscopic surgery in 1901, flexible fiber opticendoscopes in 1957, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(E.R.C.P) in 1968, laparoscopic cholecystectomy in 1988, etc.) helpedusher in this era of modern medicine. Improvements to endoscopictechnology continue to yield significant improvements in therapeutics.

Many patients could benefit from a physician's ability to gain access tointernal body locations through an organ structure naturallycommunicating with an existing external orifice instead of through apainful incision in the skin and its underlying muscle and fascialstructures. Interventions using this alternative approach have come tobe called “Natural Orifice Translumenal Endoscopic Surgery” or itsacronym, “NOTES,” procedures.

Examples of excellent potential access points to facilitate minimallyinvasive NOTES procedures include: safe entry to and exit from theperitoneal cavity through a wall of the stomach (i.e., transgastric),via the mouth, through the rectum and sigmoid colon (i.e.,transcolonic), via the anus, or through the posterior fornix of thevagina (i.e., transvaginal) via the external vaginal opening. Generally,access to other body parts or compartments through the wall of a tissuestructure is commonly referred to as “transmural” (i.e., through thewall) access; more specifically, gaining such access through the wall ofa tubular tissue structure, from the inside (i.e., the lumen) to theoutside, is commonly called an extralumenal (i.e., outside of the lumen)approach.

The proper utilization of naturally existing orifices to provide initialentry for therapeutic interventions may minimize many of the risks andmorbidities of more traditional open laparotomy or laparoscopic surgery.To support a paradigm shift away from surgery requiring skin incisions,it would be helpful to have a technology, like the present invention,that could appropriately hold remote tissue, reliably provide a sutureto subsequently secure it closed, safely cut it and to enable theplacement of a temporary guide wire to facilitate easier instrumentpassage.

In the American Journal of Surgery, April 1944, Drs. Decker and Cherrypublished a manuscript describing a procedure they “termed culdoscopy.”They reported use of the “vaginal route” to access the peritoneal cavityfor viewing internal structures and for instrument manipulations. Theypresented the “Decker culdoscope” and a “trochar and cannula set” for“puncturing the posterior vaginal wall.” Examples of the transmuralprocedures they reported include rupture of small cysts, biopsy ofovaries, testing the fallopian tubes for patency and tubal ligation forsterilization.

A recent resurgence of interest in the transmural NOTES procedures haslead to several new reports regarding the use of this approach in mostlyanimal experimental models. A gastroscopic “pancreatic necrosectomy”procedure was presented the internationally renowned “Digestive DiseaseWeek” conference in 2003. This presentation reported the use of agastroscopic instrumentation to exit through the stomach and debride apancreas of necrotic tissue. At the “Digestive Disease Week” conferencein 2004, investigators presented their “successful peroral transgastricligation of fallopian tubes . . . in a survivor porcine model.” Otherinvestigators presented transgastric biliary surgery, including theremoval of a gallbladder from a pig. While the use of an instrumentcalled the Eagle Claw V (Olympus Medical Systems Corportion, Tokyo,Japan) was reported for transgastric suturing of intraperitoneal tissuestructures like a splenic artery; it was not used to close thetransmural access site. Other investigators suggested the use ofcomputer-controlled robots to aid in transgastric surgery. A conclusionstated, “clearly, there is a need for better instrumentation.”

Academic leaders in this area wrote an authoritative publicationentitled, “ASGE/SAGES Working Group on Natural Orifice TranslumenalEndoscopic Surgery—White Paper—October 2005.” They reviewed recentporcine research and noted a report of a human transgastricappendectomy. While the paper mostly highlighted the per oraltransgastric approach, they also mentioned the promise of thetranscolonic and transvaginal access. These expert laparoscopic surgeonsand endoscopists “(A)ll agreed that Translumenal Endoscopic Surgerycould offer significant benefits to patients such as less pain, fasterrecovery, and better cosmesis than current laparoscopic techniques.”They stated, “(I)t seems feasible that major intraperitoneal surgery mayone day be performed without skin incisions. The natural orifices mayprovide the entry point for surgical interventions in the peritonealcavity, thereby avoiding abdominal wall incisions.”

This Natural Orifice Translumenal Endoscopic Surgery—White Paperidentified “ten critical areas that will impact the safety of NOTES.”The first two areas listed by these authors are directly addressed bythe present invention. From “Table 2. Potential Barriers to ClinicalPractice,” the first and second listed areas are, respectively, “Accessto peritoneal Cavity” and Gastric (intestinal) closure.” They state thatwhile the “most important areas of initial study are . . . safeperitoneal access and secure gastric closure,” the “optimal techniquesto do so . . . are unknown.”

The long term results of recent efforts to endoscopically suture thenative lining of remote tissue sites to achieve tissue thickening and/ortightening (i.e., in medical terms, a “plication”) have proved to berelatively disappointing. Clinical investigations exploring suchsuture-mediated changes to tissue have typically shown excellentshort-term realization of the desired symptom relief. However, withoutany other wound closure site preparation, over time, the sutures alonetend to loose their ability to hold tissue together for thickening ortightening. Examples of encouraging short termed success, but laterdisappointment, are included in most of the published clinical study'sof the use of the ESD™, Endoscopic Suturing Device (manufactured by LSISOLUTIONS®, Victor, N.Y.) or the EndoCinch® (manufactured by Bard®,Bellarica, Mass.); the encouraging early relief from endoscopicallyplaced suture alone (without site preparation) at the distal esophagusin patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease or at the dilatedsurgically created stomach to small bowel connections (i.e.,gastrojejunal anastomoses) in gastric bypass patients usually fadedcompletely within two years.

Thousands of patients suffering from gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD) have undergone endoscopic suturing using commercially availableproducts in conjunction with gastroscopy. Despite highly encouraginginitial symptom relief, most patients progressively returned to theirbaseline state of “heart burn” or other discomfort over weeks or monthsfollowing their procedure. Without proper healing, living tissue tendsto return to its prevailing state. Sutures or surgical staples alonetypically can only provide a temporary mechanical arrangement to promotetissue healing. In most cases, the body has to respond and take over thefunctional process. Almost all patients receiving suture thickening andtightening of their esophagus adjacent to the stomach only had a fewstitches placed to bulk up and narrow the native lining (called themucosa) of the esophagus against itself. Over time, the bodies of thesepatients overcame the presence of the foreign material (i.e., thesuture) and the walls of their distal esophagus attenuated and loosened.

Laboratory research indicates that successful long-term plication tothicken and tighten the distal esophagus is more achievable bystimulating the tissue to actually heal into the desired configuration,instead of relying solely on sutures to hold the tissue in position.Research in our porcine laboratory indicated that methods using tissuecutting or burning to promote healing at distal esophageal wound closuresites were worthy of further study. A study, entitled, “MucosalApposition in Endoscopic Suturing,” published by colleagues at theCleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, reported promising results throughthe use of cauterizing the esophageal mucosa prior to suturing.Excellent clinical results were also reported in pediatric GERD patientswho received cautery mediated wound site preparation to take away theprotective mucosal lining of the esophagus and expose the inner healingtissues in preparation prior to ESD suturing.

For some bariatric patients with failed gastric bypass procedures, theendoscopic use of suturing to narrow the opening between the reducedstomach and its outflow into the by-passed small bowel has only producedacceptable, durable improvements in patients who have also receivedsuturing site preparation to remove some mucosa and stimulate theunderlying tissue to realize long term healing. Dr. ChristopherThompson's pioneering team in Boston report the largest series ofpatient amelioration by using suture to reduce the diameter of theconnection between the functional stomach and small bowel. Theirsatisfactory results only came after improving their anastomotictightening technique to also include suture site preparation.

To achieve long-term tissue thickening and tightening, tissue closuresite preparation is required in addition to suture fixation. A devicethat facilitates remote tissue site preparation for healing and reliablesuture mediated site closure could offer a substantial improvement tothe therapeutic options for many patients.

Another example of the need for better technology for remote tissuecutting and closing is evident from the fact that currently manypatients still often require more extensive and dangerous surgery toremove certain intestinal lesions (e.g., abnormal growths, like polyps)that extend deeper than the superficial layer lining the intestine. Manysuperficial intestinal lesions reached using standard intestinalendoscopy equipment and techniques can be routinely completely removedendoscopically from the intestinal wall using a wire snare. Because ofthe lack of effective technology and techniques, typical deeper lesionscannot yet be safely removed using this non-surgical approach.

Patients who present with larger or deeper potentially intramuralintestinal lesions usually would benefit from having part of theintestinal wall immediately adjacent to the base of the lesion alsoremoved with the lesion. While removing some of the surrounding normalintestinal tissue can ensure that the lesion is more adequately removed,the risk of harvest site leakage or impaired wound healing substantiallyincreases if the wound is not adequately closed. Currently availabletechnology fails to provide a safe and reliable option for thecompletely endoscopic removal of deep-seated internal pathologiclesions. This second preferred embodiment holds promise for eliminatingthe need for some patients to have to go to the surgical operating roominstead of just finishing the endoscopy in the endoscopy suite with thesafe and complete removal of these deeper lesions.

To provide better patient outcomes, improved technologies are needed tocontinue to reduce the invasiveness and potential morbidity of openingand closing holes remotely made inside of patients. While the ability toremotely cut or open and close the walls of tubular tissue structuresalong with the use of translumenal therapeutic interventions offerexciting potential improvements to patient care, excellent technology isneeded to make this promising opportunity into clinical reality. Thisinnovation represents a significantly means to help a broader populationof patients.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Briefly stated and in accordance with both presently preferredembodiments of the invention: a therapeutic instrument for theergonomic, effective and safe opening and closing of targeted remotetissue sites; includes a pistol grip style handle with a hand activatedlever for needle deployment and, optionally, with features to controltissue cutting and guide wire installation; also incorporates aspecialized elongated rigid or flexible instrument shaft, which enablesvacuum assisted holding of tissue at a uniquely contoured distal tip,where placement of a suture in a purse string configures occurs alongwith, if desired, tissue cutting and guide wire passage.

In accordance with first preferred embodiment of this invention used forproviding safe and reliable transmural access, this instrument enablescreation of closeable transmural access sites by utilizing the specialfeatures disclosed herein: This innovation provides for vacuum mediatedtissue manipulation and holding across multiple specially contouredgaps, which also support the simultaneous traverse of two needles thatpick-up and retract back both ends of a single strand of sutureconfigured to create a purse string suture arrangement in that tissue.The tissue is cut with a blade oriented perpendicular to the tissue heldin the jaw and pulled toward the handle along the long axis of thedistal tip. This incision is located appropriately between the pursestring stitches. A guide wire can be passed through this incised tissueopening within the purse string suture to enable subsequent instrumentpassage over the guide wire through the transmural access point and intothe extralumenal location. Upon completion of the intervention, afterthe device, guide wire and any other instruments are removed form thepatient, the suture is drawn tight and secured to close the hole.

In accordance with another aspect, this invention provides a novelapproach to stimulate wound healing by cutting and closing the wall ofthe tubular tissue structure (without necessarily removing any tissue orusing the site for access) has potential for therapeutic interventions,called “plications,” in which increasing tissue thickness or tissuetightening is advantageous. For example, a durable esophageal plicationthickening and tighten tissue at the distal esophagus may reduce therisk of stomach contents from refluxing up from the stomach into theesophagus. Symptoms of gastric reflux range from mild heart burn toobstruction from esophageal cancer. just placing stitches in the distalesophagus leads to temporary amelioration of reflux while the stitchesremain in place to tip the balance towards supporting an effectiveanti-reflux mechanism. Without healing the stitches typically fall outwithin weeks or months. With healing at the site, the bulked up regionof the esophagus can act as a permanent pressure valve against reflux.

A second embodiment of this invention can be used to safely andefficiently remove part of the wall of a hollow tissue structure alongwith an abnormal tissue growth attached to that part of the wall.Limitations in currently available intestinal endoscopy equipment forcethe need to have deep-seated lesions, which may extend into the adjacentwall (i.e., intramural), removed by a subsequent surgical procedure inthe operating room instead of at the time of their evaluation in theendoscopy suite.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING

The foregoing objects, features and advantages of the invention willbecome more apparent from a reading of the following description inconnection with the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the tissue suturing instrument inaccordance with the first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the tissue suturing instrument of FIG. 1in which the right cover of the housing of the instrument is removed andsections of the shaft are removed to illustrate internal components;

FIG. 3 is a partially exploded perspective view of the tissue suturinginstrument of FIG. 1 in which the handle halves are separatedhighlighting the functional components for vacuum augmented tissuemanipulation, purse string suture placement, tissue cutting and guidewire installation;

FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of the tissue suturing instrumentof FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the tissue suturing instrument of FIG. 1showing a curved or flexible shaft;

FIGS. 6A and 6B are perspective views of the vacuum assisted tissuemanipulation components of FIG. 3;

FIGS. 7A and 7B show an end view and a cross sectional view,respectively, of the distal vacuum tip of FIG. 3;

FIG. 8A is an perspective view highlighting the needle drive componentsof FIG. 3;

FIGS. 8B and 8C are perspective views of the proximal and distal ends,respectively, of the needle of FIG. 3;

FIG. 9A is an perspective view showing the suture storage features ofFIG. 3;

FIG. 9B shows the ferrules at each end of a single strand of suture ofFIG. 3;

FIGS. 9C and 9D show a perspective views of a needle next to a crosssectional view of a ferrule and another perspective view of a needleengaged within a cross sectional view of a ferrule, respectively;

FIG. 10A is a perspective view of the tell-tale suture loops held in thesuture storage indicator and of the relative of the location of theferrules held in the ferrule compartments at the distal side of thedistal tip of FIG. 1;

FIG. 10B is a perspective view of the tell-tale suture loops nowpartially straightened out in the suture storage indicator and of therelative location of the ferrules now brought back to the proximal sideof the distal tip of FIG. 1;

FIG. 11A is a perspective view of the tissue cutting componentsinstrument of FIG. 1 showing the tissue cutter knob fully forward;

FIG. 11B is a perspective view of the tissue cutting blade and shuttlecomponents on the blade tube of the instrument of FIG. 11A;

FIG. 11C is a perspective view of the tissue cutting componentsinstrument of FIG. 1 showing the tissue cutter knob about half waypulled back and the cutting blade near the middle of the tissuemanifold;

FIG. 11D is a perspective view of the tissue cutting blade and shuttlecomponents on the blade tube of the instrument of FIG. 11A highlightingthe shuttle's location relative to the distal end of the device;

FIG. 11E is a perspective view of the tissue cutting and guide wireplacement components instrument of FIG. 1 showing the tissue cutter knobfully back and a guide wire partially inserted through the shuttle tube;

FIG. 11F is a perspective view of the tissue cutting blade and shuttlecomponents on the blade tube of the instrument of FIG. 11A showing theblade shuttle fully retracted and the guide wire protruding through thecurved distal portion of the shuttle tube;

FIG. 12A-12E show end views and cross section views of various bladeshuttle components of the instrument of FIG. 3;

FIG. 13A is a perspective view of the instrument of FIG. 1 with theright handle housing removed and the distal tip magnified to show thelever fully forward and the needle tips not extending into the jaw;

FIG. 13B is a perspective view of the instrument of FIG. 1 with theright handle housing removed and the distal tip magnified to show thelever partially rotated back and the needle tips now extending into thejaws;

FIG. 13C is a perspective view of the instrument of FIG. 1 with theright handle housing removed and the distal tip magnified to show thelever fully rotated back and the needles fully forward through the jaw;

FIG. 13D is a perspective view of the instrument of FIG. 1 with theright handle housing removed and the distal tip magnified to show thelever partially released and the needles along with the attached sutureends traversing back through the jaw;

FIG. 13E is a perspective view of the instrument of FIG. 1 with theright handle housing removed and the distal tip magnified to show thelever fully forward back into its initial position and the needles andsuture ends fully back to the proximal side of the jaw;

FIG. 13F is a perspective view of the instrument of FIG. 1 with theright handle housing removed and the distal tip magnified highlightingthe blade knob and blade partially pulled back;

FIG. 13G is a perspective view of the instrument of FIG. 1 with theright handle housing removed and the distal tip magnified highlightingthe blade knob and blade fully pulled back and a guide wire partially inplace;

FIG. 14 is a schematic perspective view of the tissue suturinginstrument of FIG. 1 shown in a transanal application;

FIG. 15A is a perspective view of the distal end of the instrument ofFIG. 1 and a schematic representation of a tubular tissue;

FIG. 15B is a perspective view of the distal end of the instrument ofFIG. 1 shown inserted into the lumen of the tubular tissue structure;

FIG. 15C is a perspective view of the distal end of the instrument ofFIG. 1 with a segment of the tissue sucked into the jaws of the distaltip;

FIG. 15D is a perspective view of the distal end of the instrument ofFIG. 1 with a segment of the tissue sucked into the jaws of the distaltip and the needles partially advanced through the tissue over theproximal manifold;

FIG. 15E is a perspective view of the distal end of the instrument ofFIG. 1 with the needles fully advanced above the tissue proximal anddistal jaws, but under the tissue between the jaws;

FIG. 15F is a perspective view of the distal end of the instrument ofFIG. 1 showing the suture coming back over the tissue in the proximaland distal jaws but under the tissue in area between the jaws;

FIG. 15G is a perspective view of the distal end of the instrument ofFIG. 1 showing a purse string suture placed around a segment of thetissue sucked into the jaws and the tissue cutting blade pulled backpartially cutting the tissue held against the manifold;

FIG. 15H is a perspective view of the distal end of the instrument ofFIG. 1 showing a purse string suture placed around a segment of thetissue sucked into the jaws and the tissue cutting blade pulled fullyback into the instrument shaft to provide an incision in the tissue heldin the manifold;

FIG. 15J is a perspective view of the distal end of the instrument ofFIG. 1 inside of a tubular tissue structure showing a guide wireadvancing through the incision in the tissue held in the manifold;

FIG. 15K is a perspective view of the distal end of the instrument ofFIG. 1 pulled out of the tubular tissue structure leaving a purse stringsuture in place around an incision with a guide wire passed through it;

FIG. 15L is a perspective view of the tubular tissue structure with anincision circumscribed with a purse string suture and containing a guidewire over which a endoscope is passed;

FIG. 15M is a perspective view of the tubular tissue structure with anincision circumscribed with a purse string suture after the guide wireand instruments are removed;

FIG. 15N is a perspective view of the tubular tissue structure with anincision now drawn closed by placing tension on the ends of the pursestring suture;

FIG. 15P is a perspective view of the tubular tissue structure with anincision now drawn closed by the tightened purse string suture overwhich a suture fastener and cutting device is passed;

FIG. 15R is a close-up perspective view of the tubular tissue structurewith an incision now secured closed by purse string suture held in placewith a mechanical fastener and the extra suture material trimmed awayafter the suture fastener instrument and trimmed suture ends areremoved;

FIG. 16 is a perspective view of the second preferred embodiment of thisinvention;

FIG. 17A is a partial section view of the distal end of the instrumentof FIG. 16 showing the needle and ferrule with suture along with thehorizontal cutting blade. FIG. 17B is a section view through A-A of FIG.17A.

FIG. 17C is a section view through B-B of FIG. 17A showing thehorizontal cutting blade along with its attached pulling members fromthe instrument of FIG. 16.

FIGS. 18A, 18B and 18C show the distal end of the instrument of FIG. 16with the needles partially advanced, the needles fully advanced with thehorizontal blade partially pulled back and the needles fully advancedwith the horizontal blade almost entering under the proximal verticalperforated wall, respectively.

FIG. 19 shows perspective view of the distal end of the instrument ofFIG. 16 with a partial cut-away to illustrate how this instrumentengages a lesion attached to the wall of a tubular tissue structure;

FIG. 20A shows the distal end of the instrument of FIG. 16 inside of atubular tissue structure containing a lesion;

FIG. 20B shows the distal end of the instrument of FIG. 16 inside of atubular tissue structure now engaging the lesion within the opening inthe distal end of the instrument;

FIG. 20C shows the distal end of the instrument of FIG. 16 inside of atubular tissue structure, engaging the polyp with the needles fullyadvanced;

FIG. 20D shows the distal end of the instrument of FIG. 16 inside of atubular tissue structure, engaging the polyp and the needles andferrules with suture fully retracted;

FIG. 20E shows the distal end of the instrument of FIG. 16 inside of atubular tissue structure, engaging the lesion with the needles fullyretracted and the purse string suture in place around the base of thepolyp and the horizontal blade fully excising the lesion's base from thewall of the tubular tissue structure;

FIG. 20F shows the distal end of the instrument of FIG. 16 now releasedfrom the inside of a tubular tissue structure with the purse stringsuture in place and the lesion secured within the distal opening.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In accordance with the presently preferred embodiments of the invention,medical therapeutic instruments are provided for the ergonomic,effective and safe creation of transmural access sites, effective tissueplication and harvesting deep-seated remote tissue samples. Eachinstrument includes a pistol grip style handle with a hand activatedlever, a specialized vacuum tissue manipulation feature at the end ofthe instrument shaft and a double needle mechanism for engaging ferrulesattached to the ends of a single strand of suture to stitch a pursestring suture configuration. These embodiments vary regarding theavailability of specific customized features for tissue incisions andguide wire passage. First, the first preferred embodiment is covered inthis detailed description for use in providing transmural access. Next,the use of this first preferred embodiment for creating tissue plicationis addressed. Last, the second preferred embodiment is presented for usein harvesting deep-seated remote lesions. For clarity, these noveldesign features will be presented here in the sequence that they aretypically encountered in these example procedures.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a tissue suturing instrument inaccordance with the first embodiment of the present invention instrument10. A handle assembly is constructed from a right handle portion 22 anda left handle portion 24 which are constructed of an injection moldedplastic or the like and to which subsequent components are attached. Anelongated body 34 extends from the handle to a distal end at which a tip32 is located. A suction fitting 36 is disposed on the proximal end ofbody 34 and is preferably rotatable with respect to the body. Aremovable cap 42 is attached to a neck of the suction fitting 36.

Preferably the handle 24 has a window 62 described in more detail below.A cutter control knob 74 is attached to a cutter shaft tube 72 extendingrearwardly from the handle.

The first preferred embodiment of this invention, suturing instrument10, is represented in FIGS. 1-15P. Now referring to FIGS. 1-4, theillustrated suturing technique using needles and suture attached toferrules of instrument 10 may be similar to that shown in U.S. Pat. Nos.5,431,666, 5,766,183, 6,997,931 B2, European Patent No. EP 0669101,filed Feb. 23, 1995 and granted Oct. 14, 1998, which are incorporated byreference in the SEW-RIGHT® SR5® and Running Device® and ESD™ productsmanufactured by LSI SOLUTIONS, Inc. (formerly LaserSurge, Inc.) ofVictor, N.Y.

The innovation of the present invention is the unique combination ofsimultaneously firing two needles through a tissue gap in a pleat formedin the tissue by the instrument incorporating customized contours in thedistal tip 32 to enable the needles to create a purse string sutureconfiguration by parallel needles entering and exiting the tissuemultiple times in a single traverse. This surgical purse string sutureconfiguration resembles the purse string or draw string at the top of asoft sided purse and offers a similar function. It is a single suturesewn into and out of the tissue circumscribing the selected site. Thefinal stitch exits the tissue near the entry point of the first stitchso that the surrounded site is drawn closed when tension is placed onboth ends of the suture. This technology further utilizes vacuumconveyed through a housing 36 to hold the tissue and a specialized bladeshuttle connected to a funnel knob 74 to reliably cut the tissue and,when desired, permit the installation of a guide wire. As used herein,pleat is intended to refer to any configuration of tissue that permitsthe above described stitch to be placed.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the tissue suturing instrument of FIG. 1in which the right cover of the housing of the instrument and sectionsof the shaft are removed to illustrate internal components.

FIG. 3 is a partially exploded perspective view of the tissue suturinginstrument of FIG. 1 in which the handle halves are separatedhighlighting the functional components for vacuum augmented tissuemanipulation, pleat formation, purse string suture placement, tissuecutting, and guide wire installation. FIG. 4 is an exploded perspectiveview of the tissue suturing instrument of FIG. 1.

A lever 64 configured to be operated by the fingers of a user whilegrasping handle 20 provides for the extension and retraction of needles56 of the instrument 10. Distally, a tube shaft 34, shown here as rigid,but which may also be flexible, protrudes from the handle assembly 20.The housing of the handle assembly 20 has a body shaped like a pistolhaving a handle portion made of a two-piece construction of moldedplastic components 22 and 24. A pair of elongated needles 56 extendsfrom housing 20 through the shaft 34 into the tissue-engaging tip 32.Each needle 56 has a non-tissue engaging end in the housing having aspherical member 58, such as a ball or bearing, attached thereto. Bothneedles 56 and spherical members 58 may be a made of metal, such assurgical stainless steel. The spherical member 58 may have a bore 58Binto which the non-tissue engaging ends of the needles 56 extend and arejoined thereto, such as by welding or brazing.

The suturing instrument 10 includes an actuator member 64 preferably inthe form of a lever 64 having two pins 64A extending into holes 22A and24A in the sides of housing 22 and 24 respectively, upon which pins theactuator member is pivotally mounted in the housing. Actuator member 64extends through an opening 22D and 24D (FIGS. 3 and 4) in housing 20 toenable pivotal movement about pins 64A. An extension spring 66 isprovided which hooks at one end in a notch 64E of actuator member 64 andis connected at the other end around a handle spring post 24E, whichextends into a handle post receiving pocket located in the side ofhousings 24 and 22, respectively, such that the actuator member 64 isspring biased to retain actuator member 64 normally in a forwardposition, as shown for example in FIG. 1.

Ball sockets 64B are provided in the actuator member 64 which is shapedto received both of the non-engaging ends of needles 56, i.e., sphericalmembers 58, to be driven forward by an operator pulling actuator member64 to pivot actuator member 64 within lever openings 22D and 24D. Twoslots 64C (FIG. 3) are provided for needle shafts 56D near the sphericalmembers 58. An additional central slot 64D is also provided to allowfree passage of suture tube 54 and cutter tube 72.

With its right handle half 22 shown removed and its left handle half 24shown in place, FIG. 2 best illustrates the relationship between thehandle housing 20 and the tube shaft 34. Note the slotted capturefeature 24C in handle 24 engages the annular protruding capture feature34C of tube shaft 34. The partially exploded view of FIG. 3. furtherreveals the anti-rotation feature 34D of tube shaft 34 which isconstrained by the corresponding pocket 24K of handle 24. At itsinterface with handle assembly 20, tube shaft 34 exits through hole 22Band 24B.

The partially exploded perspective view of FIG. 3 highlights the majorfunctional elements of the tissue suturing instrument 10, which includethe handle assembly 20, a vacuum assembly 30, a needle drive and suturestorage assembly 40, and a tissue cutting shuttle assembly 50, whichenable tissue incision and guide wire installation. A clear plasticsuture-viewing window 62 is shown in position relative to lever 64 andto suture tube 54.

FIG. 4 is a fully exploded perspective view of the tissue suturinginstrument 10 showing its right handle portion 22, left handle portion24, needle actuating lever 64, and its spring 66. The disassembled tubeshaft assembly 30 is comprised, from distal to proximal, of a distal tip32, tube shaft 34, a needle guide 40, a vacuum housing 36, a vacuum seal38. Also contained therein, as shown in the breakaway in FIG. 2, are theneedles 56, suture tube 54 with its suture 52, along with cutter tube 72attached at its distal end to blade shuttle or follower 70 and itsintegrated blade 68 and, at its proximal end 72D, to funnel knob 74capped by guide wire seal 76.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the instrument 10 now shown having atube shaft 35 that is bent, flexible, malleable or steer able asindicated at the curved section 35A near the middle of the shaft. Anon-straight or non-rigid shaft enables access to many potentiallyclinically relevant sites that are not reachable by straight or rigidinstruments.

FIGS. 6A, 6B, 7A and 7B present the vacuum mediated tissue positioningfunction of this first preferred embodiment. FIG. 6A is a sectionedpartially exploded view of the vacuum features of tube shaft 34. FIG. 6Bis a slightly enlarged (relative to FIG. 6A) perspective view of distaltip 32. Vacuum is applied through attaching a tube connected to anegative pressure source at the hose connector 36D of rotational housing36 (previously first described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,997,931 B2). Thishousing has an additional port 36C, which is closed by cap 42.Communicating hole 36B in vacuum housing 36 facilitates transmission ofvacuum between the vacuum source and the tube shaft 34 through the hole34B. The lip seals 36A on either side of housing 36 prevents vacuumleakage even during rotation of the vacuum housing 36 about tube shaft34. Communicating hole 40G of needle guide 40 transmits vacuum to thevacuum channel 40A of needle guide 40. Vacuum seal 38 has a compressiblerim 38A which seals against the inside surface of capture feature 34C.This seal also prevents vacuum leakage around the needles 56 (not shown)at 38D and the shuttle tube 72 (not shown) at 38C and the suture tube 54(not shown) at 38B.

The end view drawing on the left side of FIG. 7A shows features ofdistal tip 32 with a the continuous path for vacuum through channels32N, which communicate with slots 32L located in the manifold bed 32C toultimately draw tissue into contoured gaps 32D separated by septum 32Eand down against manifold bed 32C to form a pleat in the tissue toenable purse string suture placement. Note the cut away shown beneathdistal tissue gap 32D. Also note cut location features 32H, whichcontrols cut length in tissue by setting the start and stop points ofthe cut. Tissue stop features 32K prevent tissue from being sucked intothe proximal and distal ends of tissue gaps 32D. FIG. 7B alsoillustrates needle passages 32A, blade track 32B, shuttle track 32M andferrule compartment 32F with ferrule stop 32G.

FIG. 6B is an isometric view of the features described above in FIG. 7.In addition, FIG. 6B well illustrates the guide wire exit hole 32P andthe rounded end 32 j of distal tip 32.

FIGS. 8A, 8B and 8C show the needle drive components. Many of thefeatures in FIG. 8A. have already been individually described. Thisillustration shows the relationship between the pivoting lever 64 withits two ball sockets 64B and needle slots 64C and the needles 56 as wellas the needle track features 41D of the needle guide 41. FIG. 8B showsan enlarged view of a needle ball 58 with bearing surface 58A and aneedle receiving opening 58B, which attaches to the proximal needle end56E. FIG. 8C shows the distal needle end 56D, which connects to thedistal tip of the needle where ferrule engagement occurs. Needle ferrulestop shoulder 56C is proximal to asymmetric ferrule snap feature 56B,which includes opposing relief sections 56F for engaging and releasingferrules 52A (shown in FIGS. 9B and 9C) at the symmetrical annularferrule snap 52B. As can be seen, the needle and section 56D has alarger diameter than the needle tip section. The ferrule snap feature506B located proximate to the distal end of the needle has a dimensionin one direction that is larger than a diameter of the adjacent needlesection and a dimension in another direction, in this case orthogonal tothe first direction smaller than the needle dimension. Preferably, thesurface in the enlarged dimension is the rounded surface as indicated at56B, while the surface in the other direction is a flat surface asindicated at 56F. A sharp pointed tip 56A, shown here in a conicalshape, is located at the most distal end of needle 56.

FIG. 9C shows the asymmetric needle snap feature 56B engaging thesymmetrical annular ferrule snap 52B to temporarily attach the needle 56to the ferrule 52A. The opposing relief sections 56F of needle snapfeature 56B permit release of ferrules 52A off of needle snap feature56B by providing clearance for the tubular ferrule to temporarily deforminto an oval shape and pass over the larger diameter needle snap feature56B. It will be appreciated that the ferrule is at least somewhatresilient to permit to be deformed when the needle passes through theconstricted portion defined by interior circumferential rib 52B. As canbe seen, the rib 52B may be formed by deforming the sleeve inwardly atthe location of the rib.

FIGS. 9A, 9Ba and 9C highlight the suture and suture storage of thisembodiment. A complete suture set 52 is comprised of a single strand ofsuture 52C attached to two ferrules 52A, one at each end. Each ferrule52A is held in its individual ferrule compartment 32F (see FIGS. 7A, 7B,10A and 10B) with the attached suture 52C fed through the distal tip 32within the suture tube 54 underneath blade shuttle 70. The suture 52Ccontinues back within the suture tube 54 through the opening 41 B in theneedle guide 41. The suture tube 54 passes through the vacuum seal 38,enters the cavity within handle halves 22 and 24, traverses the leverslot 64D in lever 64 and the suture tube distal end 54B terminates intothe opening described by the recesses 22G and 24G in handle halves 22and 24, respectively.

The mid section of suture set 52 is arranged to indicate suture 52Cpayout achieved by successful pick-up of both ferrules 52A; thistell-tale safety feature demonstrates the pulling of both ferrules wasdescribed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,641,592 B1. Tell-tale suture loops 52D arearranged immediately to the ferrule side of the mid point of the suturestrand. When the suture 52C connected to each ferrule 52A is pulledtoward the handle by the needles 56, these tell-tale loops 52Dstraighten out as an indicator of successful ferrule 52A pick-up.

FIG. 10A shows the arrangement and location through the clear window 62of both tell-tale suture loops 52D separated by a septum composed ofhandle features 22J and 24J with both ferrules 52A remain held in theirferrule pockets 32F in the distal tip 32. FIG. 10B shows the appearanceof the now straightened out tell-tale loops (pulled through handlechannel composed of openings 22G and 24G) evident of needle 56retraction of both ferrules 52A with their attached suture 52C. As usedherein, and in the claims, clear and are transparent or exemplary andare meant to describe a window through which the suture portions 52D canbe seen, and not to suggest that the window is clear or transparent inan optical sense.

FIGS. 11A-11F are perspective views of the tissue cutting and guide wirepassage components 50 of instrument 10 of FIG. 1 as shown assembled inFIG. 3. Note the reference lines located at the proximal and distal endsof these drawings to help indicate the relative travel of the funnelknob 74 disposed on the proximal and of longitudinal blade actuator 72and the blade shuttle 70 located on the distal end thereof,respectively. FIG. 11A shows the funnel knob fully forward. FIG. 11Bshows the position of the blade shuttle 70 relative to the distal tip 32of FIG. 11A.

FIG. 11C shows the cutter control funnel knob 74 back about half way andthe cutting blade 68 near the middle of the tissue manifold bed 32C.FIG. 11D shows the blade shuttle 70 relative to the distal tip 32 ofFIG. 11C. FIG. 11E shows funnel knob 74 in the fully back position withthe guide 80 passing through guide wire seal 76 and through shuttle tube72. The distal end 80A of guide wire 80 exits in an upward orientationout of an upturned portion 72B of the shuttle tube 72 and a guide wireexit hole 32P at the proximal side of distal tip 32. FIG. 11F showsblade shuttle relative to the distal tip 32 of FIG. 11E and wellillustrates the curved guide wire director 72B located at the distal endof the shuttle tube 72, where the guide wire 80 is diverted in theupward directed.

FIG. 12A-12E show end views and cross section views of the blade shuttlecomponents of the instrument of FIG. 3. FIGS. 12A and 12B show a guidewire seal having a slit 76A acts as closed valve until it receives andseals around a guide wire 80 (not shown). Guide wire seal 76 includes arecessed pocket 76B to engage and seal on raised seal lip 74E at theproximal end of funnel knob 74, FIG. 12C. A tapered guide wire receivingaperture 74A communicates with a stepped longitudinal bore having adistal shoulder 74D for engaging the proximal end 72D of shuttle tube 72and an enlarged shuttle tube receiving opening 74C within funnel knob74, which is gripped and pulled by grasping surface 74B. FIG. 12D showsthe proximal end 72D of shuttle tube 72, which can be attached to funneltube opening 74C by means such as gluing or welding.

FIG. 12E shows that the distal end of shuttle tube 72 is received inopening 70B of blade shuttle 70, which also holds blade 68 in slot 70Athereof. Blade 68 can be attached to blade shuttle 70 by means suchpinning, gluing or welding. The blade 68 incorporates a sharpened tip68A and a sharpened curved cutting surface 68B. Blade shuttle 70includes bearing surfaces 70C, which ride within corresponding features32M of distal tip 32 as shown in the end of FIG. 7.

FIGS. 13A-13G are perspective views of the instrument of FIG. 1 with theright handle housing 22 removed and the distal tip 32 magnified relativeto the rest of the drawing. These drawings highlight the needle-suturefunction along with the tissue cutting and guide wire passage features.FIGS. 13A shows the lever 64 fully forward with the needles 56 (notvisible) fully retracted and not extending into the tissue jaw 32R. FIG.13B shows the lever 64 partially rotated back and the needles 56 nowextending into the distal tissue receiving region 32D of tissue jaw 32R.FIG. 13C shows the lever 64 fully rotated back and the needles 56 fullyforward through the tissue jaw 32R to fully engage both suture ferrules52A (not visible).

FIG. 13D shows the lever 64 partially released and the needles 56 alongwith the engaged or picked-up ferrules 52A with their attached suture52C traversing back through the tissue jaw 32R. FIG. 13E shows the lever64 fully released in its forward position, and the needles 56 and suture52C fully extending across tissue jaw 32R. FIG. 13F shows the blade knob74 with its attached shuttle tube 72 and blade 68 partially pulled backinto tissue receiving region of the jaw 32R. FIG. 13G shows the bladeknob 74 with its attached shuttle tube 72 and blade 68 (not visible) nowfully pulled back. The proximal end 80B of guide wire 80 is insertedinto the guide wire opening 76A (not shown) through the guide wire seal76 on the shuttle pull knob 74 attached to shuttle tube 72, throughwhich tube the guide wire 80 passes until it exits the upturned, curvedguide wire opening 32P in the distal tip 32. The distal tip 80A of guidewire 80 advances in an upward direction because of the curved feature72D in the distal end of the shuttle tube 72, which are not visible inthis drawing because they are internal features.

FIG. 14 is a schematic illustration of a sagittal cross section of ahuman female pelvis providing a perspective view of the surgicalsuturing instrument 10 shown in a transanal 160 application. Theplacement of the shaft 34 of the instrument 10 determines the locationof the distal tip 32. The right leg 150 and anterior abdominal wall 140are labeled at the top of the drawing. The bladder 120 and uterus 110are in the peritoneal cavity 130 above the rectum 100. Tissue receivinggaps 32D and projection 32E in the tissue jaw 32R of distal tip 32 holdthe rectal wall tissue in a pleated configuration in preparation forpurse string suturing, tissue incision and guide wire passage. Use ofthis innovation is also beneficial in other tubular tissue structures,such as the vagina, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, cecum, theentire colon and even the urinary bladder.

FIGS. 15A-15R show a method in accordance with this invention foropening and closing a transmural access site. FIG. 15A is a perspectiveview of the distal end 32 of the instrument 10 and a schematicrepresentation of a tubular tissue segment such as rectal tubular tissue100. The arrow indicates the direction in which the rounded distal end32J of the distal tip 32 will enter the inner space or lumen of rectaltissue structure 100. FIG. 15B is a perspective view of the rounded mostdistal end 32J now inserted into the lumen of the tubular tissuestructure 100 and a hidden line representation of the remainder of thedistal tip 32.

FIG. 15C shows a segment of the wall tissue sucked into the tissuereceiving region of the jaw 32R of the distal tip 32 and contoured toform a pleat corresponding to the shape of the tissue gaps 32D andprojecting tissue septum 32E. FIG. 15D shows both needles 56 partiallyadvanced through the tissue over the manifold into the proximal tissuegap 32D; the arrow indicates the direction and length of the traverse ofthe needles 56. FIG. 15E shows the needles 56 fully advanced above thetissue held in the proximal and distal tissue gaps 32D, but through andunder the tissue at the tissue septum 32E; the arrow indicates thedirection and full length of the traverse of the needles 56. FIG. 15Fshows ferrules 52A at each end of the attached suture 52C coming backover the tissue in the proximal and distal tissue gaps 32D but under thetissue at tissue septum 32E; this suture placement creates a pursestring configuration. The operator can now see through window 62 thatthe tell-tale suture loops have straightened out (FIGS. 10A-10B) toensure effective suture pick-up. If either tell-tale suture loop remainslooped, satisfactory suture pick-up may not have occurred. Prior tocutting any tissue, the operator can remove the device and suture fromthe patient, view the targeted site again and determine if anothertransmural attempt should be made.

FIG. 15G shows the tissue cutting blade 68 pulled back partially cuttingthe tissue 100 held against the manifold bed between the a purse stringsuture 52 placed within the segment of the tissue sucked against themanifold bed 32C of the jaw 32R. FIG. 15H shows a completed incision 101in the tissue held against the manifold bed 32C in the tissue jaw 32R;note the vertical incision seen at the proximal cut location feature32H. FIG. 15J shows a guide wire 80 advancing through the incision 101in the tissue held in the tissue jaw 32R. FIG. 15K shows the instrument10 pulled out of the rectal tubular tissue structure 100 leaving a pursestring suture 52 in place around an incision 101 with a guide wire 80also left in place through the incision 101. FIG. 15L shows the incision101 circumscribed with a purse string suture 52 and containing the guidewire 80 over which an endoscope 85 is passed to complete the desiredprocedure.

FIG. 15M shows the rectal tubular tissue structure 100 with its incision101 circumscribed with a purse string suture 52 after the guide wire 80and all other instruments are removed. FIG. 15N shows the tubular tissuestructure 100 with its incision 101 now drawn closed by placing tensionon the ends of the purse string suture 52. FIG. 15P shows a suturefastener 91 installed in the tip of the suture fastening and cuttingdevice 90 being passed along this suture toward the purse string closuresite. FIG. 15R is a close-up perspective view from the inside of thetubular tissue structure 100 with the incision 101 now secured closed bypurse string suture 52C held in place with a mechanical fastener 91 andthe extra suture material trimmed away. The suture fastener instrument90 and trimmed suture ends are already removed.

The creation of durable tissue plications, an additional exampleapplication of this first preferred embodiment, can also be explainedusing FIGS. 15A-15R. Similar to using this first preferred embodiment(just reviewed) for opening and closing a transmural access site, theconstruction of a long-lasting thickening and tightening plication canbe achieved with the same instrument 10 minus utilization of the guidewire passage features. Referring now to FIGS. 13A-13B of instrument 10of FIG. 1, the instrument distal tip 32 is passed through a naturalorifice and positioned at an appropriate location in a tubular tissuestructure. Instead of the tubular tissue structure 100 representing therectum as in the above example, for this example, assume the sametubular tissue structure 100 now represents the distal esophagus. Theinstrument 10 is now proportionally smaller than the previouslydescribed instrument 10 since the esophagus is usually smaller than therectum.

FIG. 15C now represents the wall of the distal esophagus of tubulartissue 100 as it is drawn by vacuum into the tissue jaw 32R. FIGS.13D-13F show the simultaneous traverse and retraction of both needles 56through the contoured tissue for placement of sutures 52C in the pursestring configuration. As described for transmural access, the verticaltissue cutting blade 68 is guided through the held tissue to create atissue incision 101. This incision, which can be cut either fully orpartially through the wall of the esophageal tissue, opens theprotective mucosal lining and exposes the submucosal tissue containingthe tissue healing elements that can promote actual healing at the woundsite.

Passage of a guide wire 80 and utilization of the opening formanipulating other instruments (e.g., an endoscope 85) as illustrated inFIGS. 15J-15L are not required for this plication application. Note,however, that instrument 10 without guide wire 80 must still be removedas shown in FIG. 15K prior to closing the prepared wound with theincision 101 circumscribed by the purse string sutures 52C as shown inFIGS. 15M-15R. Rather, after making a successful incision 101 of FIG.15H, the instrument is removed and the wound closure steps of FIGS.15M-15R are promptly initiated. To bulk up and tighten the distalesophagus thereby enhancing the effect of the anti-reflux valvenaturally located there, the suture 52 is drawn tight to close thewound. A surgical knot or mechanical fastener 91 (FIGS. 15P-15R) isapplied to secure the suture 52C, which is trimmed of its redundantsuture tails. Further wound site manipulation should be avoided tooptimize the potential of successful plication healing.

FIG. 16 is a perspective view of an instrument 12 in accordance with asecond preferred embodiment of this invention. This embodiment has thesame features and functions as the instrument 10 of the first preferredembodiment of FIG. 1, except its distal tip 44 is shown with a differenttissue engaging jaw 44R and it incorporates a horizontal cutting bladeinstead of a vertical cutting blade.

FIG. 17A is a partial section view of the distal tissue engaging tip 44of the instrument 12 of FIG. 16 showing a needle 56 in a needle track44A and ferrule 52A with suture 52C both located in a ferrule pocket 44Fabutting against a ferrule stop 44G. The angled horizontal cutting blade46 is guided by a blade track 44B when it is pulled by blade wires 48.The longer tissue jaw 44R of this embodiment consists of three distalgaps (proximal, middle and distal) 44D and two projecting tissue septums(proximal and distal) 44E to provide for two more tissue engagementbites to form a double pleat in the tissue with both needles in thispurse string suture configuration. A vertical perforated wall 44Hdefines the proximal boundary of tissue jaw 44R. Note arrows indicatingviews through A-A and through B-B.

FIG. 17B is a section view through A-A of FIG. 17A. This view highlightstissue chamber 44K, which is separated from the upper opening in thetissue jaw 44R by the path of the horizontal blade 46. Vacuum channels44N communicate through vacuum slots 44L with tissue chamber 44K. Thevacuum is also transferred through the vacuum perforations 44M invertical perforated wall 44H.

FIG. 17C is a section view through B-B of FIG. 17A showing thehorizontal cutting blade 46 with its angled sharp edge 46A along withits attached wire pulling members 48 from instrument 12 of FIG. 16.Separated wire blade pulling members 48 can be attached to themselves48B or to the horizontal blade 46 at location 48A by means such aswelding, brazing or gluing. The bottom tissue contact surface 44C oftissue chamber 44K represents the deepest tissue engagement surface.Vacuum openings 44M provide vacuum to the bottom of each tissue gap 44D.

FIGS. 18A, 18B and 18C show the distal tip of the instrument 12. Theseperspective views illustrate the horizontal blade 46 passage over tissuereceiving chamber 44K. FIG. 18A shows the needles 56 exiting thevertical perforated wall 44H and partially advanced into the middletissue gap 44D. FIG. 18B shows the needles 56 fully advanced intoferrules 52A (not shown) with the horizontal blade 46 partially pulledback towards the vertical perforated wall 44H. FIG. 18C again shows theneedles 56 fully advanced, but now the horizontal blade is shownentering under the vertical perforated wall 44H to create a shearingedge.

FIG. 19 is a perspective section view of the left half of the distal tip44 of instrument 12 of FIG. 16. This partial cut-away illustrates howthis instrument engages a lesion 104 attached to the wall of a tubulartissue structure 102 within its tissue receiving chamber 44K in jaw 44R.Note how the lesion 104 is positioned between the horizontal blade 46,the wire blade pulling members 48 and the vertical perforated wall 44H.

FIG. 20A is a partial section view of the distal tip 44 of theinstrument 12 inside of a tubular tissue structure 102 containing alesion 104. Tissue receiving jaw 44R is positioned to receive lesion 104and its adjacent wall tissue and to form a pleat in the tissue proximatethe lesion. FIG. 20B shows the effects of the vacuum causing the distaltip 44 inside of a tubular tissue structure 102 to now draw the lesion104 into the jaw 44R. The adjacent wall tissue is shown drawn over thetissue gaps 44D and tissue projection septums 44E and into tissuechamber 44K. Needles 56 and ferrules 52A attached to suture 52C remainin their original positions. FIG. 20C appears similar to FIG. 20B,except her e the needles 56 are shown fully advanced through thecontoured tissue and into the ferrules 52A.

FIG. 20D represents the next step after FIG. 20C. The needles 56 are nowretracted back to their original position along with the ferrules 52Aand attached suture 52C to create a purse string configuration. Note thehorizontal cutting blade 46 is in its distal starting position. FIG. 20Eshows the horizontal cutting blade 46 now in its most proximal positionhaving amputated off the lesion 104 along with surrounding wall tissue,which is now contained within tissue chamber 44K. FIG. 20F shows thedistal tip 44 of the instrument 12 of FIG. 16 now released from theinside of a tubular tissue structure 102 with the purse string suture52C in place through its undulating course within the surroundingtissue.

Recently, at a Harvard/Brigham and Woman's Hospital research facility inBoston, we conducted a series of laboratory studies of this firstembodiment of this invention for use in transmural access. The newtechnology enabled the remote placement of a single suture in a pursestring configuration (i.e., a series of bites into and out of the wallin a plane of tissue) around a transmural incision. The abstract formour first ex vivo entitled, “EVALUATING AN OPTIMAL GASTRIC CLOSUREMETHOD FOR TRANS-GASTRIC SURGERY,” was selected for presentation at theSAGES conference in Dallas on Apr. 29, 2006.

This presentation will compare “the effectiveness of various techniquesfor gastrotomy closure by assessing leak pressures in an ex vivo porcinestomach model.” This abstract includes: “Results: The unclosed controlsdemonstrated air leakage at a mean pressure of 15 mm Hg (95% CI: 14-16),representing baseline system resistance. The QuickClip closures leakedair at a mean pressure of 34.2 mm Hg (95% CI: 20.7-47.6). The prototypegastrotomy device yielded a mean air leak pressures of 98 mm Hg (95% CI:23.9-1 72.0), while dramatically diminishing time for incision and holeclosure to approx. 5 minutes. The hand-sewn closures leaked air at amean pressure of 52.2 mm Hg (95% CI: 21.2-83.2). . . . Conclusions: Theprototype gastrotomy device decreases procedure time and yieldsleak-resistant gastrotomy closures that are superior to clips and rivalhand-sewn interrupted stitches.”

Results from the survivor studies from this research were accepted forpresentation at the next Digestive Disease Week conference in May 2006.This abstract from the in vivo study, “Transcolonic Access to thePeritoneal Cavity Using a Novel Incision and Closure Device,” notes“Closure of transluminal incisions can be performed using a variety oftechniques, however these are technically demanding and inconsistent.Here we report the use of a novel combined incision and closure devicefrom LSI Solutions . . . Results. The colonic incision was easilyperformed and peritoneal cavity accessed without difficulty using theLSI device. Following endosope withdrawal into the lumen, completeclosure was achieved in under one minute using the device. All animalssurvived 14 days without apparent sequelae before elective sacrifice. Atnecropsy, limited pelvic adhesions were identified and the incisionsites were completely closed and well healed. Conclusion. Use of thisnovel incision and closure device allows transcolonic access to theperitoneal cavity in addition to the rapid, complete, and reproducibleclosure of the colonic incision. This will likely improve the efficiencyand safety of translumenal procedures.”

While the invention has been described in connection with a number ofpresently preferred embodiments thereof, those skilled in the art willrecognize that many modifications and changes may be made thereinwithout departing from the true spirit and scope of the invention whichaccordingly is intended to be defined solely by the appended claims.

1. A cutter for a surgical instrument comprising: an elongated hollowshaft having a proximal end and a distal end configured for receiving aguide wire in the shaft; a cutting blade on the distal end of the shaft;and a turning horn on the distal end of the shaft configured for turninga guide wire away from an axis of the shaft as the guide wire exits theshaft.
 2. The cutter of claim 1 in which the cutting blade comprises acutting edge on a proximal surface of the blade.
 3. The cutter of claim2 in which the cutting blade comprises a sharpened tip.
 4. A needle andsleeve combination for selectively attaching the sleeve to the needle,the needle comprising; a shaft characterized by a first diameter; adistal end characterized by a second diameter smaller than the firstdiameter; an enlarged region proximate to the distal end having adimension in one direction larger than the second diameter and adimension in another direction smaller than the second diameter; and thesleeve comprising a resilient cylindrical body having a proximal endconfigured for receiving the distal end of the needle and acircumferential rib within the sleeve, the rib configured to pass overthe enlarged region of the needle to releasably lock the sleeve and theneedle together.
 5. The combination of claim 4 in which the enlargedregion comprises a rounded surface in the one direction, and a flatsurface in the another direction.
 6. The combination of claim 4comprising a suture having one end attached to the sleeve.
 7. Thecombination of claim 4 in which the sleeve comprises a connecting regiondistal of the enlarged region connected to the suture.